![]() ![]() Nonetheless, conflict patterns do exist and also patterns of conflict resolution that could give clues to the future of Ukraine. Of course, every conflict is different, and the respective conditions also vary. To assess how this war may continue and when it can possibly be ended, it is worth looking at previous conflicts. Baechler writes: "… as long as the fighting does not lead to an endless war of attrition that undermines the power of the leadership and fragments their own political-military system, credible negotiations will have little chance.” The depressing conclusion is that this situation does not exist today either in Russia or Ukraine. Similarly, to William Zartman, who speaks of the "ripeness" of a conflict as a prerequisite for the success of negotiations. Günther Baechler, a former Swiss diplomat who has worked as a mediator in many conflicts (Nepal, Sudan, Cameroon and for the OSCE in the South Caucasus), rightly points out the time factor. If there was a basis for serious negotiations, the Russian aggression would not have occurred in the first place. What is the alternative to this race on the brink? Negotiations now? At present, neither side is prepared to engage in serious negotiations. Schelling concluded that the driver who most credibly drove his deadly race, threw his steering wheel out of the window to signal to his counterpart that he now has no more control of his car. To illustrate the deterrence scenarios with nuclear weapons at the time, he described the dangerous habit of young American men speeding with their cars from opposite direction, each at high speed to test who will be the first to chicken out to avoid the crash. Russia's threat with nuclear weapons recalls Thomas Schelling's game theory, published in 1960. This escalation mechanism is based – implicitly – on the concept of retaining control over the further course of events at every stage of escalation, as formulated by escalation theorists in the 1950s. Another motivation for a negotiated resolution ought to be the realization that both Russia and NATO have suffered reputational setbacks the longer the conflict has dragged on, as argued by the distinguished Singaporean diplomat-scholar Kishore Mahbubani. In this confrontation, it is significant that Russia and the West are fighting not only for victory in Ukraine, but also for the future of international relations on a global scale. The intention is to signal to the enemy the willingness not to give up the goal of a military victory under any circumstances. Ukraine's supporters are responding with more pledges to deliver more effective weapons and tighten sanctions. Russia's leadership escalated repeatedly with reference to the possible use of nuclear weapons. The current strategy on both sides can be described as an escalation with the hope of a military victory, or as escalating to perhaps de-escalate at some point. However, reality is much more complex and, despite the need to repeatedly point out who is the perpetrator (Russia) and who is the victim (Ukraine), it takes more than relying exclusively on a military decision in one's own favour. In the Western European media, a picture is usually painted in black and white: anyone who is not in favour of arms deliveries to Ukraine and calls for negotiations is quickly labelled as Putin sympathiser. Only extremely small territories in eastern Ukraine are currently being conquered or regained. The Russian attack and Ukrainian defence have now turned into a war of attrition. To achieve what? To de-escalate, win or freeze the war, create a strong position for negotiations? When is the time ripe for negotiations and are there proven conflict resolution patterns that are relevant for an end to the war? Software description provided by the publisher.In the Ukraine war, both sides are escalating verbally and militarily. Shared controller mode to play multiplayer with one controller Huge library of blocks to create an infinite variety of levels Compete for global best times on Challenge levels across all platforms 18 levels with unique gameplay features ![]() Unique game flow, from strategic block placement to twitch control platforming Online and local play for up to 4 players If you can make it but your friends can't, you score points! Play online or locally with your animal buddies and experiment with a wide variety of platforms to find new ways to mess with your friends. Ultimate Chicken Horse is a party platformer where you and your friends build the level as you play, placing deadly traps before trying to reach the end of the level. Ever wish you were a wall-jumping, arrow-dodging, trap-setting horse, besting your animal pals in a race through a peril-laden obstacle course that you all built together? ![]()
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